Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder and inflammatory condition that leads to overactivity of the thyroid gland, also referred to as hyperthyroidism. This condition affects the eye and can result in thyroid eye disease, a progressive condition that can worsen when left untreated. Inflammation, swelling, and other abnormalities can occur within muscle tissue and fat behind the eye. With disruptions in such sensitive areas of the face, those who do not receive treatment can develop a wide array of symptoms, including red, irritated, or watery eyes.
To avoid the consequences of untreated thyroid eye disease, treatment is recommended. Thyroid eye disease treatment can help those affected by Graves’ disease and those experiencing unwanted symptoms such as light sensitivity. Those who leave thyroid eye disease untreated may suffer from complications due to symptoms associated with the disease.
How Thyroid Eye Disease Develops
Thyroid eye disease affects fat, muscles, and connective tissue. In the early stages of the disease, individuals may experience a variety of symptoms that irritate the eyes and surrounding skin. Early detection can help prevent the condition from worsening.
When thyroid eye disease is untreated, it can rapidly progress, causing serious symptoms to affect eyesight. Delayed treatment increases the risk of permanent changes. Thyroid eye disease can be a disabling condition that can lead to potential vision loss. Those with a family history of Graves’ disease may be more likely to experience thyroid eye disease. Additionally, the disease typically appears before the age of 40 and is more common in women.
Thyroid Eye Disease Symptoms
According to the National Library of Medicine, thyroid eye disease is a condition characterized by proptosis and progressive orbital inflammation involving orbital fat, extraocular muscles, and connective tissues.
Some of the other symptoms associated with thyroid eye disease include:
- Facial disfigurement
- Dry eyes
- Vision loss
- Proptosis
- Diplopia
- Eyelid retraction
- Eyelid protrusion
- Watery eyes
- Double vision
- Under-eye bags
- Eye swelling
- Itchy eyes
- Periocular inflammation
- Painful eye movements
During early diagnosis of thyroid eye disease, doctors may attempt to limit the disease severity by recommending lifestyle modifications. To help prevent the disease or slow the progression, general treatments include monitoring thyroid function and maintaining euthyroidism, referred to as normal thyroid function. In some cases, thyroid eye disease can occur with normal or low levels of thyroid hormones.
Risk Factors of Thyroid Eye Disease
Active cases of thyroid eye disease can range from mild to severe. Unfortunately, certain risk factors make some individuals more susceptible to developing thyroid eye disease.
Some of the risk factors associated with thyroid eye disease include:
- Smoking
- Thyroid dysfunction
- Comorbid conditions such as hypercholesterolemia
- Other autoimmune conditions including type 1 diabetes and oxidative stress associated with smoking or systemic metabolic dysfunction
- Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin
In addition to these risk factors, women are more likely to suffer from thyroid eye disease. Adopting dietary changes such as a diet low in salt and sugar may be recommended for certain individuals. In some cases, topical lubricating eye drops may be prescribed.
Find Treatment Today
If you experience eye-related inflammation or pain, consider reaching out to a doctor to determine the source. At Kwitko Eyelid Surgery, our professionals work hard to provide relief for patients. Not only do we offer expert cosmetic and reconstructive eyelid surgery, but we also focus on thyroid eye disease.
Dr. Kwitko, our eyelid surgeon, has a long history of treating patients with a wide range of eye-related health issues. If you experience a variety of symptoms affecting your eyes, whether or not they are related to thyroid eye disease, consider seeking treatment at our eye center. Schedule a consultation today to determine the status of your eyes and speak with our professionals to learn more about our treatment options.
